花鸟图鉴 › 鸟类

斑头雁

Bar-headed Goose|インドガン

Anser indicus · 鸭科 Anatidae

斑头雁
摄影:Dr. Raju Kasambe,来自 Wikimedia Commons,以 CC BY-SA 4.0 授权。照片未经修改(仅缩放)。
地区
日本与温带东亚
环境
河湖湿地
颜色
灰、白、黑
体型
大型(50 厘米以上)
IUCN 等级
无危 (LC)

识别特征

中型雁,体长 71 到 76 厘米,体重 1.87 到 3.2 公斤。整体淡灰色,比雁属其他灰雁都淡;白色的头上有两道黑色横带,颈侧有白色纵线,是最容易辨认的特征;嘴和腿橙黄色。飞行时叫声是典型的雁鸣。

栖息环境

繁殖于中亚高海拔湖泊,在岸边短草地上吃草,成千上万只集群营巢;越冬于低海拔的湖泊、河流和农田。

分布

繁殖于青藏高原(青海湖是最大的繁殖地之一)、哈萨克斯坦、蒙古和俄罗斯;迁徙时飞越喜马拉雅山,记录的飞行高度可达 8800 米,在鸟类中名列前茅;越冬于印度次大陆、缅甸和中国云南、西藏南部(拉萨河谷的越冬群很多)。英国和日德兰南部有引入的不迁徙种群。日本极罕见,新加坡无。

季节与习性

青海湖、纳木错等 4 到 8 月繁殖;云南大山包、拉萨 10 月到次年 3 月越冬,拉萨的湿地公园里它们就在人身边吃草。

拍摄建议

以下为 FilmAnalysis 编辑的拍摄经验,不是资料来源中的内容。

头上的两道黑带是识别和构图的重点,顺光的侧面肖像最清楚;拉萨越冬的个体不怕人,中焦就能拍到带雪山和寺庙的环境照。飞越雪山的队列用长焦压缩山体,1/1600 秒。青海湖的繁殖岛屿是保护区,不要登岛。

拍鸟守则:与鸟保持它不改变行为的距离;不靠近、不公开巢和繁殖地点;不用食物、录音回放或闪光灯引诱;不修剪巢周围的枝叶;在保护区遵守观察区和步道的规定。

适合的摄影风格

高原湖畔与雪山前的雁群;灰白的清淡色。

相似物种

灰雁(头无黑带,嘴粉红);白额雁(额白、腹有黑斑);斑头雁是唯一头上有横带的雁。

相关徽章

花鸟册里的「鸭子」:当视觉模型在照片里明确认出鸭子并在你评分后解锁。徽章只认到「鸭子」这一层,不区分具体的种,也不会因为这一页存在就解锁。

本页插图为 FilmAnalysis 原创绘制。照片来自维基共享资源,授权和作者见图下说明。

收录缘由:本种来自 《观鸟笔记》物种清单(名称经 IOC 15.2 核对)。名称以IOC 世界鸟类名录 15.2为准,事实依据下列资料来源,照片识别暂不提供。

资料来源

Flora & Birds › Birds

Bar-headed Goose

斑头雁 · インドガン

Anser indicus · Anatidae

Bar-headed Goose
Photo: Dr. Raju Kasambe, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Unmodified apart from resizing.
Region
Japan and temperate East Asia
Habitat
rivers and wetlands
Colour
grey, white, black
Size
large (over 50 cm)
IUCN status
Least Concern
IOC breeding range
PAL (c Asia)
IOC non-breeding range
n India

Identification

A mid-sized goose, 71–76 cm long and 1.87–3.2 kg. Pale grey overall, paler than any other grey goose; the white head carries two black bars and a white line runs down the neck side, the easiest marks of all; bill and legs orange-yellow. In flight the typical goose honking.

Habitat

Breeds at high-altitude lakes in Central Asia, grazing short grass on the shores in colonies of thousands; winters on lowland lakes, rivers and farmland.

Distribution

Breeds on the Tibetan plateau (Qinghai Lake is one of the largest colonies), in Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Russia; crosses the Himalayas on migration at recorded heights up to 8,800 m, among the highest of any bird; winters on the Indian subcontinent, in Myanmar and in Yunnan and southern Tibet, with large flocks in the Lhasa valley. Introduced non-migratory populations in Britain and southern Jutland. Extremely rare in Japan; absent from Singapore.

Season and behaviour

Breeds at Qinghai Lake, Namtso and other lakes from April to August; winters at Dashanbao in Yunnan and around Lhasa from October to March, where in the wetland parks they graze beside people.

Photography tips

These are the FilmAnalysis editors' notes, not content from the sources.

The two black head bars are the mark and the point of the picture, clearest in a front-lit profile; the tame wintering birds at Lhasa allow a medium lens with snow mountains and monasteries behind. Flight lines over snow peaks compress with a long lens at 1/1600 s. The breeding islands of Qinghai Lake are reserves: never land.

Field ethics: keep a distance at which the bird does not change its behaviour; never approach or publish nest sites; no baiting, playback or flash; never clear vegetation around a nest; follow reserve rules and stay on paths.

Photographic styles

Goose flocks by plateau lakes and snow mountains; light grey and white.

Similar species

Greylag (no head bars, pink bill); greater white-fronted goose (white forehead, black belly bars); the bar-headed is the only goose with barred head.

Related badge

The album badge "a duck" unlocks when the vision model explicitly names a a duck in your photo and you rate the analysis. The badge stops at "a duck": it does not tell species apart, and this page existing unlocks nothing.

The illustration is original FilmAnalysis artwork. The photograph is from Wikimedia Commons; its licence and author are under it.

Why it is listed: this species comes from the Birdwatching Notebook species list (names checked against IOC 15.2). Names follow the IOC World Bird List 15.2; the facts follow the sources below; photo recognition is not offered.

Sources